Hengill is a large volcanic system and mountain area
in Southwest Iceland, located east of
Þingvallavatn.
The region is one of Iceland’s most geothermally active areas and is
characterized by volcanic ridges, craters, fissures, and expansive
highland-like landscapes.
The geology of the Hengill area is closely connected to
Þingvellir,
where the Mid-Atlantic Rift is clearly visible as the North American
and Eurasian tectonic plates slowly drift apart.
Volcanic activity and geothermal heat have shaped the landscape over
thousands of years, and steam vents, mud pots, and hot springs can be
found throughout the area, particularly near
Nesjavellir.
Hengill is a popular area for outdoor recreation and offers a wide
variety of hiking routes through mountains, lava fields, and
geothermal terrain.
Hikers are rewarded with panoramic views across
Þingvallavatn,
Þingvellir,
and the surrounding mountain ranges, making the area especially
attractive to nature lovers and photographers.
The Hengill area also plays an important role in Iceland’s energy
production, as its geothermal resources are used for district heating
and electricity generation.
The combination of industry, geology, and outdoor experiences makes
Hengill a fascinating place to explore the diverse natural forces that
shape Iceland.
As an integral part of the wider
Þingvallavatn region,
Hengill offers a unique blend of dramatic geology, scenic beauty, and
accessible outdoor adventure, all within easy reach of the capital
area.
More details
Rock typeBasalt, hyaloclastite and geothermal alteration
Formation typeCentral volcano / volcanic system
Best seasonSummer
Hiking routeHikeable
Glacier coverNot glacier covered
VolcanismVolcano
Volcanic activityActive volcano
Overview
Hengill is a large volcanic and geothermal mountain complex east of Reykjavik, with ridges, valleys, hot springs and active geothermal systems.
History
The region has long been important for travel between the capital area and South Iceland and later became one of the country's key geothermal energy regions.
Cultural context: Hengill contributes to the visual and cultural identity of its region and is part of the long relationship between Icelandic communities and mountain landscapes.
Geology
The Hengill volcanic system contains basaltic lava, hyaloclastite, fissures and intense geothermal alteration. The area lies on an active plate-boundary zone.
Hiking
Hiking possibilities around Hengill vary by route, season and access point. Exact distance and duration should be taken from a dedicated route record where available.
Safety
Conditions on Hengill can change quickly. Wind, low cloud, rain, snow, ice and loose ground can all increase difficulty. Visitors should check current conditions and choose routes appropriate to their experience.
Practical visitor information: Visitors should choose an experience that matches current conditions and their own experience
Views & surroundings
High ridges overlook Thingvallavatn, Hellisheidi, the South Iceland lowlands and parts of the capital region.
Surroundings: Hengill should be understood as part of its wider Icelandic landscape, including neighbouring valleys, ridges, lowlands and volcanic or glacial features.
Nearby highlights: Natural attractions and mountains near Hengill
Interesting facts
Hengill is better understood as an entire volcanic system than as one simple mountain peak.
Understand Hengill by noticing not just the summit, but also its rock, slopes, neighbouring landforms and position within the wider landscape.
Notable features: Hengill is unusual because active geology, outdoor recreation and large-scale geothermal energy production all occupy the same landscape.
Summary: A large volcanic and geothermal system east of Reykjavik with ridges, hot springs and major scientific interest.
Themes: Hengill; mountains; nature; hiking; geology
Frequently asked questions
- What is special about Hengill?
- Hengill is part of Iceland's mountain landscape, shaped by the combined effects of volcanism, glaciers, erosion and a harsh maritime climate.
- How was Hengill formed?
- The geology of Hengill is linked to Iceland's volcanic bedrock, while glaciers, frost, running water and weathering later reshaped the landform.
- What should visitors know before visiting Hengill?
- Conditions around Hengill can change quickly. Check access and weather before travelling, stay on established routes where possible and avoid damaging fragile natural surfaces.